

They comprise the main stupa, the Nirvana Temple on a raised platform surrounded by a group of monasteries on the western side, a group of small sized stupas with carved bricks and ornamental pilasters on the southern side, a large two tiered brick platform and small sized stupas partly concealed beneath the main stupa on the eastern side and votive stupas and monasteries on the northern side ranging in date from Mauryan period (3rd century B.C.) to (10th century A.D.) numerous antiquities such as inscribed clay seals, gold and silver coins, terracotta figurines have been recovered during the course of archaeological excavation. The remains unearthed here are the results of extensive excavations by Carlleyle in 1876 and later by archaeological survey of India between 1904-12. The Chinese pilgrims Fa-Hien (5th century A.D.) Hiuen-Tsang (7th century A.D.) and I-Tsing (8th century A.D.) who visited this place have left an elaborate account of the structural remains in their memoirs. After a gap of about two centuries, Kushinagara again came to prominance during the Mauryas and reached its peak of glory under the Guptas as revealed by numerous structural activities in the form of stupas, monasteries built during that period. The body is believed to have been cremated with due honours by the Mallas of Kushinagara near Makutabandhana Chaitya.
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Here Buddha breathed his last and attained Parinirvana on the full moon day of the Vaishakha (April-May) month. Kushinagara, the capital of Mallas, also called as Kushinara, Kushigrama according to the Mahaparinirvana Sutta, is one of the four most sacred places as declared by Buddha himself.

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